TheoMaps

Act II · Fall

Genesis 11: Babel and Shem's line

God scatters proud Babel and confuses its language, then traces Shem's line to Abram and barren Sarai.

Chapter 11 of 5032 verses4 sectionsBSB

Where Genesis 11 sits

Genesis66 books · 1,189 chaptersRevelation
In the story
Act II, Fall: Genesis 3–11
In the Bible
Old Testament · The Law · chapter 11 of 50 in Genesis
In Genesis
Shem's line: down to Abram, 11:10–26 · part of All humanity
Before
Genesis 10: The table of nations
After
Genesis 12: The call of Abram

Genesis 11 summary

With one language, the people settle in Shinar and resolve to build a city and a tower reaching to the heavens, to make a name and avoid being scattered. The LORD comes down to see, confuses their language and scatters them, and the city is called Babel. Ten generations then run from Shem to Abram, and after Haran dies in Ur, Terah's household sets out toward Canaan but stops at Haran, where Terah dies; Sarai is barren.

Genesis 11 in context

Speaking
Moses, narrating; the builders say “Come, let us,” and the LORD answers “Come, let Us”
Written for
Israel, who knew Babylon's towers and boasts, learning that God brings down human pride and then begins His answer with one family
Around it
Explains the dividing of the nations listed in ch. 10; the call of Abram follows (12:1–3)

How Genesis 11 points to Christ

God answers mankind's grab for a name by promising to make Abram's name great (12:2) and to bless all nations through his offspring; many hear Babel reversed when the nations hear the wonders of God in their own tongues (Acts 2:5–11)

The sections of Genesis 11

  1. Let us build

    In Shinar one-language mankind resolves to build a city and a tower to the heavens, to make a name and avoid scattering.

    11:1–4
  2. The LORD came down

    The LORD comes down, confuses their language and scatters them over the earth, and the city is called Babel.

    11:5–9
  3. Shem to Abram

    Shem's heading traces ten generations, with shrinking lifespans, down to Terah, the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran.

    11:10–26
  4. Terah's household

    Under Terah's heading, Abram marries barren Sarai, and Terah leads his family from Ur toward Canaan but dies in Haran.

    11:27–32

Read Genesis 11

The Tower of Babel

1Now the whole world had one language and a common form of speech. 2And as people journeyed eastward, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there.

3And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” So they used brick instead of stone, and tar instead of mortar.

4“Come,” they said, “let us build for ourselves a city with a tower that reaches to the heavens, that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of all the earth.”

5Then the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the sons of men were building. 6And the LORD said, “If they have begun to do this as one people speaking the same language, then nothing they devise will be beyond them. 7Come, let Us go down and confuse their language, so that they will not understand one another’s speech.”

8So the LORD scattered them from there over the face of all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9That is why it is called Babel, for there the LORD confused the language of the whole world, and from that place the LORD scattered them over the face of all the earth.

Genealogy from Shem to Abram

10This is the account of Shem. Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father of Arphaxad. 11And after he had become the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.

12When Arphaxad was 35 years old, he became the father of Shelah. 13And after he had become the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

14When Shelah was 30 years old, he became the father of Eber. 15And after he had become the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

16When Eber was 34 years old, he became the father of Peleg. 17And after he had become the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.

18When Peleg was 30 years old, he became the father of Reu. 19And after he had become the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.

20When Reu was 32 years old, he became the father of Serug. 21And after he had become the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.

22When Serug was 30 years old, he became the father of Nahor. 23And after he had become the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.

24When Nahor was 29 years old, he became the father of Terah. 25And after he had become the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.

26When Terah was 70 years old, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Terah’s Descendants

27This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28During his father Terah’s lifetime, Haran died in his native land, in Ur of the Chaldeans.

29And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. Abram’s wife was named Sarai, and Nahor’s wife was named Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah. 30But Sarai was barren; she had no children.

31And Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai the wife of Abram, and they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans for the land of Canaan. But when they arrived in Haran, they settled there. 32Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Haran.

Berean Standard Bible, 32 verses. The BSB is in the public domain.

Places

  • Shinar
  • Ur
  • Haran
  • Babylon

Read alongside

  • Genesis 12:2 God, not man, makes a great name.
  • Acts 2:5–11 Every nation hears the wonders of God in its own tongue; read by many as Babel's reversal, though Acts does not say so.
  • Joshua 24:2 Terah's household worshiped other gods beyond the Euphrates.

How Genesis 11 connects

  • Blessing · Genesis 11:4 · “Let us … make a name for ourselves” is answered by God’s “I will make your name great” (12:2).
  • The Seed Line · Genesis 11:30 · Sarai is barren: the promised seed will need God's gift.
  • The Seed Line · Genesis 11:10–26 · Shem's line, traced in Jesus' genealogy. (Luke 3:34–36)

Doctrines Genesis 11 teaches

How Genesis 11 is shaped

Babel turned upside down Gen 11:1–9

  1. A 11:1 The whole world of one language
  2. B 11:2 They settle there
  3. C 11:3–4 “Come, let us”: brick, city, tower and a name
  4. X 11:5 The LORD comes down to see
  5. C′ 11:6–7 The LORD's “Come, let Us”: their language confused
  6. B′ 11:8 Scattered from there
  7. A′ 11:9 The language of the whole world confused

The tower meant to reach heaven is so small that the LORD must come down to see it. Babel also sounds like the Hebrew for “confuse.” Some put the hinge at the builders' wish for a name (11:4).

Questions on Genesis 11

  1. Which verse stands at the turning point of the Babel story?

    Show the answer

    The LORD’s coming down to see the city and the tower (11:5). The tower meant to reach the heavens is so small that He must come down to see it, and after this the builders’ plans are reversed point by point (11:6–9).

  2. How does God's promise in 12:2 answer the builders' wish in 11:4?

    Show the answer

    The builders wanted to “make a name for ourselves” (11:4). God gives Abram as a gift what Babel tried to grasp: “I will make your name great” (12:2), with blessing for all the families of the earth through him.

  3. What fact about Sarai in 11:30 makes every later promise of offspring a miracle?

    Show the answer

    Sarai was barren; she had no children (11:30). The family God is about to make a great nation begins with a woman who cannot bear, so every heir must come as God’s gift.

Genesis is open in full

Everything on this page is in the free app, as is all of Genesis. TheoMaps Plus opens the other 65 books the same way, with the map, Challenges and Step Inside.

Written and reviewed by AJ Reyes. Reviewed . How we write the notes

Sources for these notes (9)
  • The Reformation Heritage KJV Study Bible, ed. Joel R. Beeke
  • The Reformation Study Bible (ESV), ed. R. C. Sproul
  • Notes on Genesis, Thomas L. Constable
  • Narrative Art in Genesis, J. P. Fokkelman (publisher page)
  • Search summaries of Fokkelman's analysis of the Babel story
  • Chiasm in Genesis 11:1-9, Luke Geraty
  • The Blessing-Commission, the Promised Offspring, and the Toledot Structure of Genesis, Jason S. DeRouchie, JETS 56/2 (2013) 219-47
  • The Seed of the Woman and the Blessing of Abraham, James M. Hamilton Jr., TynBul 58.2 (2007) 253-73
  • Chiasmus in the Book of Genesis (lecture handout), Gary A. Rendsburg