TheoMaps

Act V · Christ

John 3: You must be born again

Jesus tells Nicodemus he must be born of the Spirit; God gave His Son so that whoever believes has eternal life.

Chapter 3 of 2136 verses5 sectionsBSB

Where John 3 sits

Genesis66 books · 1,189 chaptersRevelation
In the story
Act V, Christ: Matthew–John
In the Bible
New Testament · Gospels · chapter 3 of 21 in John
In John
From Cana to Cana, 2:1–4:54 · part of the book of signs
Before
John 2: The first sign and the Father's house
After
John 4: Living water and the Savior of the world

John 3 summary

Nicodemus, a Pharisee and a leader of the Jews, comes to Jesus at night and calls Him a teacher who has come from God. Jesus answers that no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again: he must be born of water and the Spirit, the cleansing and renewing God promised through Ezekiel, a work as free and unseen as the wind. Israel's teacher should have known this. No one has ascended into heaven except the One who descended from heaven, the Son of Man, and just as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so He must be lifted up, that everyone who believes in Him may have eternal life. For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, not to condemn the world but to save the world through Him; whoever believes in Him is not condemned, but men loved the darkness rather than the Light. In Judea Jesus' disciples baptize, and John's disciples complain that everyone is going to Him; John answers that he is only the friend of the bridegroom, overjoyed to hear his voice: He must increase, and John must decrease. The One who comes from above speaks the words of God, is given the Spirit without limit, and holds all things from the Father; whoever believes in the Son has eternal life, but the wrath of God remains on whoever rejects the Son.

John 3 in context

Speaking
Jesus with Nicodemus; John the Baptist answers his disciples; the evangelist may be reflecting in 3:16–21 and 3:31–36
Written for
Readers who, like Nicodemus, may have religion and learning but need new birth and faith in the Son
Around it
Nicodemus is one of those who believed because of signs (2:23–3:2); his night visit is set against the Samaritan woman's meeting at the well at noon (4:6), and John's last witness (3:22–36) closes his part in the story

The sections of John 3

  1. Born again
    3:1–8
  2. Just as Moses lifted up the snake
    3:9–15
  3. God so loved the world
    3:16–21
  4. He must increase
    3:22–30
  5. The One who comes from above
    3:31–36

Read John 3

Jesus and Nicodemus

1Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a leader of the Jews. 2He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs You are doing if God were not with him.”

3Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again.”

4“How can a man be born when he is old?” Nicodemus asked. “Can he enter his mother’s womb a second time to be born?”

5Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless he is born of water and the Spirit. 6Flesh is born of flesh, but spirit is born of the Spirit. 7Do not be amazed that I said, ‘You must be born again.’ 8The wind blows where it wishes. You hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.”

9“How can this be?” Nicodemus asked.

10“You are Israel’s teacher,” said Jesus, “and you do not understand these things? 11Truly, truly, I tell you, we speak of what we know, and we testify to what we have seen, and yet you people do not accept our testimony.

12If I have told you about earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things? 13No one has ascended into heaven except the One who descended from heaven—the Son of Man. 14Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, 15that everyone who believes in Him may have eternal life.

16For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that everyone who believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life. 17For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him. 18Whoever believes in Him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe has already been condemned, because he has not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son.

19And this is the verdict: The Light has come into the world, but men loved the darkness rather than the Light because their deeds were evil. 20Everyone who does evil hates the Light, and does not come into the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed. 21But whoever practices the truth comes into the Light, so that it may be seen clearly that what he has done has been accomplished in God.”

John’s Testimony about Jesus

22After this, Jesus and His disciples went into the Judean countryside, where He spent some time with them and baptized.

23Now John was also baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because the water was plentiful there, and people kept coming to be baptized. 24(For John had not yet been thrown into prison.)

25Then a dispute arose between John’s disciples and a certain Jew over the issue of ceremonial washing. 26So John’s disciples came to him and said, “Look, Rabbi, the One who was with you beyond the Jordan, the One you testified about—He is baptizing, and everyone is going to Him.”

27John replied, “A man can receive only what is given him from heaven. 28You yourselves can testify that I said, ‘I am not the Christ, but am sent ahead of Him.’ 29The bride belongs to the bridegroom. The friend of the bridegroom stands and listens for him, and is overjoyed to hear the bridegroom’s voice. That joy is mine, and it is now complete. 30He must increase; I must decrease.

31The One who comes from above is above all. The one who is from the earth belongs to the earth and speaks as one from the earth. The One who comes from heaven is above all. 32He testifies to what He has seen and heard, yet no one accepts His testimony. 33Whoever accepts His testimony has certified that God is truthful. 34For the One whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God gives the Spirit without limit.

35The Father loves the Son and has placed all things in His hands. 36Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life. Whoever rejects the Son will not see life. Instead, the wrath of God remains on him.”

Berean Standard Bible, 36 verses. The BSB is in the public domain.

Also in From Cana to Cana

  • John 2
  • John 4

On the road

Places

  • Jerusalem
  • Judea
  • Aenon
  • The Jordan

Read alongside

  • Ezekiel 36
  • Numbers 21
  • Titus 3
  • 1 John 4
  • Romans 5

Chapters that point here

  • Ezekiel 11
  • Ephesians 2
  • 1 John 5

Questions on John 3

  1. What must happen to a person to see the kingdom of God, and who brings it about (3:3–8)?

  2. Which wilderness event does Jesus use to explain His being lifted up (3:14)?

  3. How does Nicodemus' visit at night compare with the Samaritan woman's meeting in chapter 4?

The answers are in TheoMaps Challenges.

Plus What TheoMaps holds for John 3

  • How John 3 points to Christ
  • What each of its 5 sections says, and how one leads into the next
  • 6 threads, 3 promises and 1 type, with the verses that join them
  • 6 doctrines it teaches: effectual calling, saving faith, the gospel, Christ the Mediator, the last judgment and free will
  • How it is shaped: Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman
  • Why those 5 chapters belong beside it
  • The answers to its questions, in Challenges

TheoMaps Plus opens every book the way Genesis is open, on the map, with Challenges to help you remember it.

Written and reviewed by AJ Reyes. Reviewed . How we write the notes

Sources for these notes (10)
  • The Reformation Heritage KJV Study Bible, ed. Joel R. Beeke
  • The Reformation Study Bible (ESV), ed. R. C. Sproul
  • Notes on John, Thomas L. Constable
  • Commentary on John, chs. 1, 3, 6 and 20, John Calvin (Bible Hub)
  • The Death of Death in the Death of Christ, Book IV, ch. 2, John Owen (CCEL)
  • God's Immeasurable Love (sermon on John 3:16), B. B. Warfield, New Horizons reprint
  • God's Great and Gracious Love: John 3:16, parts 1-2, and Bob Gonzales on John 3:16, Keith Throop, Reformed Baptist Blog (2015)
  • Review of Colin G. Kruse, John (TNTC), Denver Journal
  • Exposition of the Old and New Testaments, John Gill
  • The Second London Baptist Confession of Faith (1689)